Preview

Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics

Advanced search

Heavenly signs on social media. A conflict of interpretations

https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2025-8-1-45-68

Abstract

During the special military operation (SMO) period, social media abide with photographs of atmospheric phenomena and accompanying short texts which interpret the image as a divination. This practice of semiotizing natural phenomena is rooted in folklore. However, contemporary texts by social media users about heavenly signs are substantively and formally close to institutional rather than folklore narratives. These texts become the subject of a conflict of semiotic ideologies between supporters of the idea of celestial phenomena as an indexical sign of the will of a transcendental actor, followers of conspiracy theories about their technical origin, and users who deny the possibility of semiotization of natural phenomena as a manifestation of the actions of any type of actor. The intensity of the conflict of ideologies is determined by the affordances of social media. In turn, the conflict leads to the formation of self-censorship and the emergence of “zero interpretations” that protect users from possible social risks.

About the Author

D. A. Radchenko
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Russian Federation

Daria A. Radchenko, Cand. of Sci. (Cultural Studies)

82, Vernadsky Av., Moscow, 119571



References

1. Aksenov, V.B. (2020), Slukhi, obrazy, emotsii: Massovye nastroeniya rossiyan v gody voiny i revolyutsii (1914–1918) [Rumors, images, emotions. Mass sentiments of Russians during the war and Revolution (1914–1918)], NLO, Moscow, Russia.

2. Balashova, A.F. (2014), “Communicative nature of folk tales on example of texts about the Great Patriotic war in celestial divinations”, Communication Studies, no. 1, pp. 233–240.

3. Belova, O.V. (2013), “Stories about war signs from Bryansk region. To the problem of plot typology”, in Materialy II mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii «Zapadnyi region Rossii v mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh X–XX vv.» (Bryansk, 28–30 Noyabrya 2013 g.) [Proceedings of the 2d International Scientific Conference “The Western region of Russia in international relations of the 10th – 20th centuries.” Bryansk, November 28–30, 2013], Bryanskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, Bryansk, Russia, pp. 203–211.

4. Bourriaud, N. (2002), Postproduction. Culture as screenplay. How art reprograms the world, Lukas & Sternberg, New York, USA.

5. Butov, I.S. (2020), “ ‘There will be legal war’. Belorussian materials on signs of Great Patriotic War”, Zhivaya starina, no. 2, p. 48.

6. Carter, C. (2022), “Becoming ordinary. The Aurora Borealis during the Reformation”, Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 609–638.

7. Commager, H.S. (1982), “The significance of freedom of religion in American history”, in Clark, H.B., ed., Freedom of religion in America. Historical roots, philosophical concepts, contemporary problems, Transaction Publishers, New Jersey, USA.

8. Drijvers, J.W. (2009), “The power of the Cross. Celestial Cross appearances in the fourth century”, in Cain, A. and Lenski, N., eds., The power of religion in Late Antiquity, Routledge, Farnham, UK, рр. 237–248.

9. Fulton, E. (2011), “Acts of God. The confessionalization of disaster in Reformation Europe”, in Janku, A., Schenk, G. and Mauelshagen, F., eds., Historical disasters in context, Routledge, New York, USA, pp. 54–74.

10. Fursova, E.F. (2017), “Miraculous divinations/signs before Great Patriotic war 1941–1945”, Tomsk State University Journal of History, no. 49, pp. 128–131.

11. Gromov, D.V. (2018), “Rumors on diffusion of chemical agents. Personal experience as criteria of ‘knowledge’”, Traditsionnaya kul’tura, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 150–161.

12. Katz, E. and Dayan, D. (1985), “Media events. On the experience of not being there”, Religion, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 305–314.

13. Keane, W. (2003), “Semiotics and the social analysis of material things”, Language & communication, vol. 23, no. 3–4, pp. 409–425.

14. Keane, W. (2018), “On semiotic ideology”, Signs and Society, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 64–87.

15. Laushkin, A.V. (1998), “Natural disasters and signs of nature in beliefs of Ancient Russian annalists of 11th – 13th centuries”, in Volodikhin, D., ed., Russkoe Srednevekov’e. Vyp. 1: Knizhnaya kul’tura [The Russian Middle Ages. Iss. 1: Book culture], Manufaktura, Moscow, Russia, pp. 26–58.

16. Liventsev, D.V. (2020), “Celestial miracle in provincial town Sudzha during Russo-Japanese war 1904–1905”, Uchenye zapiski: Elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 94–96, available at: https://api-mag.kursksu.ru/api/v1/get_pdf/3808/ (Accessed 15 Dec. 2023).

17. Marshall, Z. (2018), “Signs in the Heavens and the distress of nations”, J19: The Journal of Nineteenth-Century Americanists, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 285–306. Marwick, A.E. and Boyd, D. (2011), “I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately.

18. Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience”, New Media & Society, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 114–133.

19. Mel’nikova, E.A. (2004), “Eschatological expectations of the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. Will there be no end of the world?”, Forum for Anthropology and Culture, 2004, no. 1, pp. 250–266.

20. Mereminskij, S.G. (2014), “Signum crucis in vestibus. On one understudied image in Western European medieval texts”, Lyudi i teksty: Istoricheskii al’manakh, no. 7, pp. 240–273.

21. Meyer, B. (2013), “Mediation and immediacy. Sensational forms, semiotic ideologies, and the question of the medium”, in Boddy, J. and Lambek, M., eds., A companion to the anthropology of religion, John Wiley & Sons, [New York], USA, pp. 309–326.

22. Milnes, G. (2007), Signs, cures, and witchery. German Appalachian folklore, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, USA.

23. Neuhäuser, D.L. and Neuhäuser, R. (2015), “ ‘A red cross appeared in the sky’ and other celestial signs. Presumable European aurorae in the mid AD 770s were halo displays, Astronomische Nachrichten, vol. 336, no. 10, SS. 913–929.

24. Obadia, L. (2018), “Urban Pareidolia. Fleeting but hypermodern signs of the sacred?”, Bulletin for the Study of Religion, no. 47, pp. 29–38.

25. Podyukov, I.A. and Svalova, E.N. (2013), “Image of war in folk beliefs (based on dialectological and folklore materials of Kama region of end 20th – beginning of 21st centuries)”, Perm University Herald. Russian and Foreign Philology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 17–27.

26. Puzanov, D.V. (2021), “Decrease of interest of ancient Russian population in 13th century towards divinations and Galich-Volyn annals”, Rusin, no. 65, pp. 9–24.

27. Ryblova, M.A. and Arkhipova, E.V. (2021), “Tradition in situation of extremity. Folk methods of making sense and ‘overcoming’ of Great Patriotic war”, Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 216–228.

28. Ryblova, M.A. (2022), “Folk images of signs of Great Patriotic war. An attempt of systematization and deciphering”, Tomsk State University Journal, no. 474, pp. 217–227.

29. Rykov, Yu.D. and Shamin, S.M. (2008), “New data on circulation of translated notice about Hungarian celestial divination of 1672 in Russian handwritten tradition of 17th century”, Istoriografiya, istochnikovedenie, istoriya Rossii X–XX vv.: Sbornik statei v chest’ Sergeya Nikolaevicha Kistereva [Historiography, source studies, history of Russia of the 10th – 20th centuries. Collected of articles in honor of Sergei Nikolaevich Kisterev], Jazyki slavyanskikh kul’tur, Moscow, Russia, pp. 263–308.

30. Schlegel, B. and Schlegel K. (2011), Polarlichter zwischen Wunder und Wirklichkeit: Kulturgeschichte und Physik einer Himmelserscheinung, Springer–Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.

31. Shamin, S.M. (2020), Inostrannye «pamflety» i «kur’ezy» v Rossii XVI – nachala XVIII stoletiya [Foreign pamphlets and “curiosities” in Russia in 16th – beginning of 18th centuries], Ves’ Mir, Moscow, Russia.

32. Sørensen, J.F. (2011), “Cognitive underpinnings of divinatory practices”, Theoretical and empirical investigations of divination and magic, Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 124–150.

33. Spinks, J. and Zika, C. (2016), “Introduction. Rethinking disaster and emotions, 1400–1700”, in Spinks, J. and Zika, C., eds., Disaster, death and the emotions in the shadow of the Apocalypse, 1400–1700, Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK, pp. 1–17.

34. Ventresca, R. (2003), “The virgin and the bear. Religion, society and the cold war in Italy”, Journal of Social History, vol. 37, no. 2, 439–456.

35. Walsham, A. (2016), “Deciphering divine wrath and displaying Godly sorrow. Providentialism and emotion in early modern England”, in Spinks, J. and Zika, C., eds., Disaster, death and the emotions in the shadow of the Apocalypse, 1400–1700, Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK, pp. 21–43.

36. Zaporozhets, V.V. (2005), “Signs of war”, Zhivaya starina, no. 2. pp. 16–17.

37. Zeitlyn, D. (2012), “Divinatory logics. Diagnoses and predictions mediating outcomes”, Current Anthropology, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 525–546.


Review

For citations:


Radchenko D.A. Heavenly signs on social media. A conflict of interpretations. Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics. 2025;8(1):45-68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2025-8-1-45-68

Views: 751


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2658-5294 (Print)