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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">folklore</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фольклор: структура, типология, семиотика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-5294</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-2-110-129</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">folklore-91</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Падение демонов: вариации мотива в средневековой русской книжности и иконографии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The fall of the demons: variations of the motif in medieval Russian booklore and iconography</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий И. Антонов, доктор исторических наук, профессор</p><p>125993, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p><p>119571,Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy I. Antonov, Dr. of Sci. (History), professor</p><p>bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125993</p><p>bldg. 1, bld. 82, Vernadskogo Av., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonov-dmitriy@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Антонов Д.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антонов Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antonov D.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/91">https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/91</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена теме падения демонов с небес в русской иконографии. Прослеживаются ключевые представления о происхождении бесов, кочевавшие в русской средневековой книжности, и их визуализация в иконах, фресках и миниатюрах. Рассмотрены важнейшие визуальные мотивы – поражение от небесного воинства / от архангела Михаила, низвержение в огненной реке, падение на землю и др., в которых воплощалась идея преображения ангелов в демонов в результате битвы на небесах. Визуальной компиляцией этих мотивов стала русская иконография Страшного суда, оформившаяся во второй половине XV в. В композициях Суда демоны играют широкий спектр ролей: проигрывают сражение на небесах и низвергаются на землю в начале времен, борются за людские души (ожидая их на мытарственных станциях, подкладывая свитки грехов на свою чашу «мерила праведного», преследуя ангелов, которые уносят спасенные души прочь, и сталкивая в геенну осужденных), мучают грешников в сегментах ада и, наконец, оказываются вечными узниками преисподней. В XVII столетии каждый из этих мотивов, включая падение ангелов с небес, будет разрабатываться в лицевых сборниках.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper dwells upon the fall of the demons from heaven in Russian iconography. It covers the key concepts concerning the origin of the demons transmitted in medieval Russian booklore and their visualization in icons, fresco paintings and miniature paintings. The most important visual themes reflecting the idea of the angels’ transformation into demons as an outcome of a battle in heaven are as follows: a defeat from the heavenly host / Archangel Michael, falling into a river of fire, falling down to the Earth, etc. Russian iconography of the Final Judgement, finally emerging by the second half of the 15th century, came to be the visual compilation of these motifs. In Judgement scenes, demons are playing a wide spectrum of roles: losing the battle in heavens and falling down to the Earth in the beginning of times, fighting for human souls (waiting for the souls at the stations of ordeal, adding scrolls of a soul’s sins to the scale of righteousness, pursuing the angels that carry saved souls away and pushing the condemned into the hellfire), tormenting the sinners in various segments of hell and, finally, being themselves the eternal prisoners of the pit of hell. In the 17th century all these motifs, including that of the angels’ fall from heaven, will be elaborated upon in illuminated collections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иконография</kwd><kwd>демонология</kwd><kwd>русская книжность</kwd><kwd>падение демонов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iconography</kwd><kwd>demonology</kwd><kwd>Russian booklore</kwd><kwd>the fall of demons</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов 2015 – Антонов Д.И. «Когда и откуду и како быша ангелы», и откуда взялись бесы // In Umbra: Демонология как семиотическая система: Альманах / Отв. ред. и сост. Д.И. Антонов, О.Б. Христофорова. Вып. 4. М.: Индрик, 2015. С. 9–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov, D.I. 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