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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">folklore</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фольклор: структура, типология, семиотика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-5294</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-1-27-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">folklore-77</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Волосатая дева: беглянка и богиня</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Hairy Maiden: runaway and deity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старостина</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starostina</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аглая Б. Старостина, кандидат философских наук</p><p>107031, Россия, Москва, ул. Рождественка, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aglaia B. Starostina, Cand. of Sci. (Philosophy)</p><p>bld. 12, Rozhdestvenka Str., Moscow, 107031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abstarostina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт востоковедения РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старостина А.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старостина А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starostina A.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/77">https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/77</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрена эволюция преданий о Волосатой деве (Мао-нюй) начиная с XII в. до наших дней в письменной и устной традиции Китая, в том числе на материале стихов, новелл и записей собирателей эпох Сун – Цин, а также воспоминаний о Хэбэе 1920–1940 гг. и современных сборников сказок и преданий. Внимание уделено и досунской истории образа. Выдвинуто предположение о заимствованной природе этого мифологического персонажа. Привлечены данные полевых исследований 2014–2016 гг.</p><p>Мао-нюй живет в лесистых горах и настроена доброжелательно по отношению к людям. Рассказы о ней можно подразделить на две группы: в первой она сверхъестественное существо, для которого нет возврата к человеческому существованию, во второй она превращается в человека, покидает лиминальную зону и обречена на смерть. В. Эберхард и Ли Цзяньго составили сюжетные схемы, близкие к инварианту сюжета о Мао-нюй. Вместе с тем есть небольшая группа историй, где Мао-нюй выступает в качестве волшебного помощника, не отвечающих ни этим схемам в целом, ни их части.</p><p>В статье описаны представления о Мао-нюй как о богине. Прослежена связь сюжетов о Волосатой деве с даосской агиографией (начиная с «Ле сянь чжуань»). Приведены данные о восприятии этих сюжетов в изобразительном искусстве.</p><p>Даны доказательства непосредственного происхождения сюжета китайской революционной оперы «Седая девушка» от древнего фольклорного сюжета, а также описано, каким образом повлияло появление «революционной пьесы» на бытование рассказов о Беловолосой фее. Предпринята попытка определить способы влияния сюжетов о Мао-нюй на сюжеты о волосатых людях, в том числе – о строителях Великой стены. Указано, что для записанных в последние десятилетия рассказов о Волосатой деве характерна близость к письменным источникам и привязка к горам Хуашань.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, the author offers a perspective on the evolution of the Hairy Maiden (Mao-nü) legends in written and oral Chinese tradition, from the twelfth century to the present day, on material of poems, short stories and records of the collectors of the Song – Qing eras, as well as memories of Hebei from the 1920s – 1940s and modern collections of fairy tales and legends. Attention is also paid to the pre-Song history of the character. The author suggested that it could be considered a borrowing. Field research data from 2014–2016 were used in the research.</p><p>Mao-nü lives in wooded mountains, she is benevolent towards people. Stories about her can be divided into two distinctive groups. In the first group, she is a supernatural being for whom there is no return to human existence. In the second group, she returns to human existence, leaves the liminal zone and is doomed to die. W. Eberhard and Li Jianguo constructed the schemes close to the invariant of the Mao-nü plot. However, there are a few stories that do not correspond to those schemes as a whole, or their parts, in which the Hairy Maiden acts as a magical assistant.</p><p>The paper describes the concept of Mao-nü as a deity and traces the connection of the Mao-nü stories to the Daoist hagiography (from “Lie xian zhuan” and on). The author also provides data on the perception of Mao-nü in the visual arts.</p><p>The paper elaborates on the evidences that prove the direct descendance of the plot of the revolutionary opera “The White-Haired Girl” from ancient folklore. It describes further how the “revolutionary play” influenced the circulation of stories concerning the White-Haired fairy. An attempt is made to determine the ways in which the stories about the Hairy Maiden are connected to the stories about the “wild hairy people”, including the builders of the Great Wall. The author notes that for contemporary stories about Mao-nü, the proximity to written sources and links to the Huashan mountains are characteristic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Волосатая дева</kwd><kwd>китайская мифология</kwd><kwd>даосская агиография</kwd><kwd>«Седая девушка»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hairy Maiden</kwd><kwd>Chinese mythology</kwd><kwd>Daoist hagiography</kwd><kwd>“The White-Haired Girl”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басилов 1994 – Басилов В.Н. Албасты // Историко-этнографические исследования по фольклору / Сост. В.Я. Петрухин. М.: Восточная литература, 1994. 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