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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">folklore</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фольклор: структура, типология, семиотика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-5294</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-5294-2026-9-3-35-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">folklore-459</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ирландские «диковины» в норвежском «Зерцале»: дикие лесные люди</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Irish mirabilia in the Norse Speculum Regale: wild men of the wood</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-6260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна А. Михайлова, доктор филологических наук</p><p>125009, Москва, Б. Кисловский пер., д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Mikhailova, Dr. of Sci. (Philology)</p><p>1, Bolshoi Kislovskii Lane, Moscow, Russia, 125009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tamih.msu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт языкознания РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михайлова Т.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/459">https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/459</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена анализу двух фрагментов из норвежского трактата XIII в. Speculum regale («Королевское зерцало»). В трактате в дидактической форме описываются особенности таких стран, как Гренландия, Норвегия, Исландия и Ирландия. В разделе, посвященном Ирландии, содержится множество описаний «диковин», которым компилятор трактата далеко не всегда верит. В частности, даны два рассказа о диких лесных людях. В первом рассказе сообщено, что ими становятся воины, бежавшие от ужаса с поля битвы, причем дано их ирландское название – gelta. Во втором описан лесной человек, поросший волосами и не обладающий членораздельной речью. В работе прослеживаются параллели с самой ирландской традицией. Автор приходит к двум выводам: во-первых, упоминание о перьях, которые вырастают на телах ирландских gelta, являются лингвистической ошибкой, в ходе которой была неверно проинтерпретирована семантика др.-ирл. clúm ‘пух на теле птицы или животного, шерсть, волосы, мох, крона дерева’. Методом контекстуального анализа автор приходит к выводу, что в тексте ирландского предания о Суибне Безумном, которое послужило одним из источников для норвежского трактата, лексема clúm имеет значение ‘шерсть, волосы’, но не ‘перья’, и поэтому распространенная в современной ирландистике тема левитации gelta, связывающая их с шаманами, базируется на неверной интерпретации лексемы. В работе, во-вторых, также делается предположение о существовании в ирландской фольклорной традиции веры в существование диких лесных людей и ставится вопрос о наличии или отсутствии установок на достоверность подобных рассказов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with two fragments from the Norse tract of XIIIth century: Speculum Regale (The King’s mitrror – Konungs skuggsjá). The tract in the didactic form describes special features of countries such as Norway, Iceland, Greenland and Ireland. The chapters devoted to Ireland, describes many marvels and wanders, but the compiler himself doesn’t always believes these descriptions. In particular, the tract gives two descriptions of so called ‘wild men’. In the first of them, he uses the Irish borrowing gelt and tells that such a beings are ordinary men transformed into gelta by the terror, gripped them on the battlefield. In the second fragment a hairy man (or beast) is described. Unlike gelta, it does not have human speech, and its origin is unclear. The work draws parallels with the Irish tradition itself. The author comes to two conclusions. First, the theme of the feathers that supposedly grow on the body of a geilt, is due to the linguistic error. The term clúm has the meanings ’down, wool, hair’ but not ‘feather’. In the Irish legend of Suibne Geilt it is coherently use in the meaning ‘wool, hair’. Its understanding as “feather” gives to some Irish scholars the possibility to make comparison of the figure of Suibne with that of a Shaman, that represents not only a mistake bat a speculation. On the other hand the article deals with the legends of the wild men within Irish tradition itself. The problem of the presence/absence of an attitude towards authenticity of such tales is also discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>норвежский трактат «Королевское зерцало»</kwd><kwd>описание Ирландии</kwd><kwd>ирландские «диковины»</kwd><kwd>дикие лесные люди</kwd><kwd>перья</kwd><kwd>шерсть</kwd><kwd>проблема генезиса веры в лесных людей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Old Norse Speculum regale</kwd><kwd>description of Ireland</kwd><kwd>Irish marvels</kwd><kwd>wild men of the wood</kwd><kwd>feather</kwd><kwd>wool</kwd><kwd>hair</kwd><kwd>the origin of the wild man</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта FMNE-2025-0008 «Интегративное изучение индоевропейских языков в диахронии и синхронии: филология и лингвистика».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was carried out as part of the project FMNE-2025-0008 “Diachronic and synchronic integrative investigations of Indo-European Languages: linguistics and philology”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайлова 2001 – Михайлова Т.А. 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