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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">folklore</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фольклор: структура, типология, семиотика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-5294</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-5294-2026-9-1-115-127</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">folklore-426</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ойкотип «дикого человека»: Гималаи и Тибет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The “Wild Man” oikotype: The Himalayas and Tibet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-8661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Б. Новикова,</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6, стр. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria B. Novikova,</p><p>6-6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jranchik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова В.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/426">https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/426</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой анализ описаний «дикого человека» (йети, мигой и др.) в регионе Гималаев и Тибета. Исследование основано на текстах, собранных у различных этнических групп (шерпы, тибетцы, лепча и др.), а также из записей путешественников и публикаций XX в., включая материалы советской Комиссии по снежному человеку. Выявлен устойчивый региональный ойкотип: длинные руки, крупные зубы, специфическое направление роста шерсти, отсутствие речи, неиспользование огня, временное и пространственное дистанцирование, специфические следы присутствия в настоящем (свист, визг или крик, ощущения удушья или тревоги, резкий запах) и прошлом (отпечатки ног, остатки особенной пищи или пищи, съеденной определенным образом, гнезда, пирамидки из веток). Однако выделяются локальные отличия бутанских описаний – маркирование присутствия в первую очередь резким запахом, а не звуками и отсутствие страха огня. Проанализированные описания роста «дикого человека» подтвердили ранее отмеченную Г. Фортом бимодальность – одновременное описание как более высокого, так и более низкого, чем человек, существа. Важной функцией «дикого человека» является маркирование им подвижной семиотической границы между освоенным, человеческим пространством и неосвоенным, диким миром.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an analysis of the “Wild Man” (Yeti, Migoi, etc.) in the region of the Himalayas and Tibet. The study is based on texts collected from various ethnic groups (Sherpa, Tibetans, Lepcha, etc.), as well as from travelers’ records and 20th-century publications, including materials from the Soviet “Commission on the Snowman”. A stable regional oikotype has been identified: long arms, large teeth, specific direction of fur growth, absence of speech, non-use of fire, temporal and spatial distancing, specific signs of presence in the present (whistling, screeching or crying, sensations of suffocation or anxiety, sharp smell) and in the past (footprints, remains of particular food/food eaten in a specific way, nests, pyramids of twigs). However, local differences in Bhutanese descriptions are highlighted – marking presence primarily by a sharp smell, not by sounds, and absence of fear of fire. The analyzed descriptions of the “Wild Man’s” height confirmed the previously noted bimodality by G. Forth – the simultaneous description of both a taller-than-human and a shorter creature. An important function of the “Wild Man” is its marking of a shifting semiotic boundary between mastered, human space and the unmastered, wild world.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дикий человек</kwd><kwd>мигой</kwd><kwd>йети</kwd><kwd>ойкотип</kwd><kwd>граница</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wild man</kwd><kwd>migoi</kwd><kwd>yeti</kwd><kwd>oikotype</kwd><kwd>border</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-18-01119, https://rscf.ru/project/24-18-01119.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 24-18-01119, https://rscf.ru/project/24-18-01119.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альбедиль 2025 – Альбедиль М.Ф. 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