folkloreФольклор: структура, типология, семиотикаFolklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics2658-5294РГГУ10.28995/2658-5294-2023-6-3-10-29folklore-286Research ArticleПАМЯТЬ "ДРЕВНЯЯ": ЭПИЧЕСКИЕ СКАЗАНИЯ"ANCIENT" MEMORY: EPIC TALESО трех типах меморации прошлого в ирландских саговых нарративах: наблюдения и замечанияOn the three types of commemoration in the Irish saga narrative: some observations and commentsМихайловаТ. А.MikhailovaT. A.

Татьяна А. Михайлова, доктор филологических наук

125009, Россия, Москва, Б. Кисловский пер., д. 1

125047, Россия, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6

Tatyana A. Mikhailova, Dr. of Sci. (Philology)

1, Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane, Moscow, 125009

6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047

tamih.msu@mail.ruИнститут языкознания РАН; Российский государственный гуманитарный университетInstitute of Linguistics RAS; Russian State University for the Humanities202313112023631029Copyright © Михайлова Т.А., 20232023Михайлова Т.А.Mikhailova T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/286

В работе в качестве отправной идеи постулируется, что для архаической культуры главная функция текста – меморизация воина или правителя, которая при этом может быть осуществлена лишь поэтом-профессионалом. В статье приводятся три главных примера, отражающих три разных типа создания меморизующего текста: устная поэма, запись на столбе огамическим письмом, запись латинским письмом на табличках. Во всех случаях носителем умения фиксировать историческую память изображается поэт-филид. Прослеживаемая псевдо-хронология сагового материала приводит к выводу, что в коллективной памяти фиксатора традиции устная форма соотносилась с ранним периодом истории (примерно I в. н. э.), огамическое письмо – со II в. н. э., а таблички – с IV–V вв. Данная легендарная хронология непосредственно соотносится с основными этапами развития письменности в Ирландии. В то же время появление новых типов письма как новых способов меморации не означает отказа от более ранних способов фиксации информации, примеры чему также можно найти в текстах. При этом реальный способ фиксации традиции – запись на пергаменте – в текстах нарративного типа не отмечается, что нуждается в последующем анализе.

As a starting point, the present research work assumes that the main function of a text in archaic cultures is commemoration of a warrior or a ruler, which task can only be performed by a professional poet. The paper cites three key cases representing three ways of creating a commemorative text: an oral poem, an inscription in Ogham on a wooden stave and a Latin written record on tablets. In all three cases, the one who possesses the skill of capturing historical memories is a fili poet. The author traces the quasi-chronology of the saga sources and concludes that the collective memory of those who recorded the tradition linked the oral form with the earliest historical period (around 1st c. AD), Ogham script – with 2nd c. AD, and tablets with 4th to 5th cc. AD. This legendary chronology clearly corresponds with main stages of actual evolution of literacy in Ireland. However, the arrival of new writing techniques as new types of commemoration did not mean that the earlier methods of preserving information were abandoned, which is also confirmed by examples found in the texts. At the same time, the narrative texts fail to mention the historical method of recording the tradition (by writing on parchment), and this fact needs further investigation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.