<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">folklore</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фольклор: структура, типология, семиотика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-5294</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-4-35-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">folklore-277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мастера сутр цзинши и наставники в Дхарме чандао в категориальной схеме памятника «Гао сэн чжуань» («Жизнеописания достойных монахов», ок. 530 г.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sutra masters Jingshi and Dharma preachers Changdao in the Buddhist monksʼ classification system of “Gao Seng Zhuan” (“Biographies of eminent monks”)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел А. Богомолов</p><p>125009, Москва, Газетный пер., д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Bogomolov</p><p>bld. 5, Gazetniy St., Moscow, 125009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wenegret6@gmai.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московская высшая школа социальных и экономических наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богомолов П.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богомолов П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogomolov P.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/277">https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/277</self-uri><abstract><p>Китайский исследователь Сян Да в 1940 г. высказал гипотезу о том, что проповеди по сутрам могли отделяться от специфической религиозной среды и бытовать отдельно в виде самодостаточных текстов. Он же обратил внимание на то, что в этом процессе в раннее Средневековье (III–VI вв.) могли принимать участие наставники-чандао. В нашей статье предпринята попытка на материале памятника «Гао сэн чжуань» («Жизнеописания достойных монахов», начало VI в.) реконструировать критерии, на основании которых летописец определил эту группу монахов. Мы установили ее границы, сравнив наставников-чандао с другими категориями религиозных деятелей из «Гао сэн чжунь»: с мастерами сутр цзинши, с одной стороны, и с декламаторами сунцзин – с другой. В статье доказывается, что понятия чандао и цзинши обозначали особые группы религиозных специалистов, характерных для китайской буддийской общины IV – начала VI в., в то время как сунцзин указывало не на профессионализм, а на личные заслуги и благодать монаха.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 1940 the philologist Xiangda put forward a hypothesis that in medieval China sutra preaching could be separated from its religious environment and continue to spread separately in the form of self-sufficient texts. He also drew attention to the fact that in the early Middle Ages (3d – 6th centuries) changdao preachers could be playing a crucial role in this process. In our article, drawing upon the material of biographies collection “Gao Seng Zhuan” (“Biographies of Eminent Monks”, beginning of the 6th c.) we attempt to reconstruct certain criteria the chronicler identified this group of monks with. We have determined its boundaries by comparing changdao preachers with other categories of religious figures from the “Gao Seng Zhuan”: with the sutra masters jinshi, on the one hand, and with the declamators songjing, on the other. The article proves that the concepts of changdao and jingshi was to signify special groups of religious specialists which were typical of the Chinese Buddhist community in the 4th – beginning 6th centuries. At the same time the term songjing did not mean professionalism, but personal merits and bliss a monk had obtained.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чандао</kwd><kwd>цзинши</kwd><kwd>сунцзин</kwd><kwd>Гао сэн чжуань</kwd><kwd>чаньхуэй</kwd><kwd>церемонии чжай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>changdao</kwd><kwd>jingshi</kwd><kwd>songjing</kwd><kwd>GaoSeng Zhuan</kwd><kwd>chanhui repentance</kwd><kwd>zhai ceremonies</kwd><kwd>Biographies of Eminent Monks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ван Цзюань 2013 – Ван Цзюань. Гуаньюй «чандао» дэ циши [О различных смыслах понятия чандао] // Чэнда чжунвэнь сюэбао [Научный вестник филологического факультета университета Чэнгун]. 2013. № 41. С. 47–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermakov, М.Е. (1993), “Cultural-historical type of a monk (according to ‘Gao seng zhuan’)”, in Torchinov, E.A. (ed.), Buddizm v perevodakh. Al’manakh [Buddhism in translations. Almanac], iss. 2, Andreev i synov’ya, Saint Petersburg, Russia, pp. 385–400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермаков 1993 – Ермаков М.Е. Культурно-исторический тип монаха (по материалам китайского собрания VI в. «Гао сэн чжуань») // Буддизм в переводах: Альманах. Вып. 2 / Ред.-сост. Е.А. Торчинов. СПб.: Андреев и сыновья, 1993. С. 385–400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermakov, M.E. (1994), Mir kitaiskogo buddizma: Po materialam korotkikh rasskazov IV–VI vv. [The world of Chinese Buddhism. Based on short stories from the 4th – 6th centuries], Andreev i synov’ya, Saint Petersburg, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермаков 1994 – Ермаков М.Е. Мир китайского буддизма: По материалам коротких рассказов IV–VI вв. СПб.: Андреев и сыновья, 1994. 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gernet, J. (1995), Buddhism in Chinese society. An economic history from the 5th to the 10th centuries, Columbia University Press, New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рифтин 1970 – Рифтин Б.Л. Историческая эпопея и фольклорная традиция в Китае. М.: Главная редакция восточной литературы, 1970. 488 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riftin, B.L. (1970), Istoricheskaya epopeya I folklornaya traditsiya v Kitaye [Historical epopee and folklore tradition in China], Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoi literatury, Moscow, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сунь Кайди 1956 – Сунь Кайди. Суцзян, шохуа юй байхуа сяошо [Проповеди суцзян, разговоры и литература на байхуа]. [Б.м.]: Цзоцзя чубаньшэ [Writers Publishing House], 1956. 98 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Daoyu (2019), “Jingshi and changdao monks` influence upon Chinese repentance ritual – research concentrated on ‘Gao seng zhuan’ text”, Yuanguang foxue xuebao [Influence of jingshi and chandao on the Buddhist ritual of penance in China], no. 3, pp. 74–100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сян Да 2001 – Сян Да. Тан дай Чанань юй Сиюй вэньмин: Тан дай суцзян као [Цивилизация Чанъани эпохи Тан и цивилизация Западного края: исследования суцзян эпохи Тан]. Шицзячжуан: Хэбэй цзяоюй чубаньшэ, 2001. 667 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun’ Kaidi (1956), Sutszyan, shokhua yui baikhua syaosho [Sujiang sermons, conversations and literature in Baihua], Tszotszya chuban’she [Writers Publishing House], China.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чжэнь Ацай 2016 – Чжэнь Ацай. Лунь Дуньхуан вэньсянь дуй чжунго фоцзяо вэньсюэ яньцзю дэ кочжань юй мяньсян [О развитии и направлениях исследований китайской буддийской литературы в свете письменного наследия из Дуньхуана] // Жэньцзянь фоцзяо [Буддизм в миру]. 2016. № 5. С. 102–131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Juan, (2013), “About various meaning of the term ‘changdao’”, Chengda zhongwen xuebao [Scientific bulletin of the Faculty of Philology of Chenggong University], vol. 41, pp. 47–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ши Даоюй 2019 – Ши Даоюй. Цзин-дао дуй чжунго фоцзяо личань дэ инсян – и Лян «Гао сэн чжуань» вэй чжунсинь дэ таньтао [Влияние цзинши и чандао на буддийский ритуал покаяния в Китае] // Юаньгуан фосюэ сюэбао [Научный вестник Института буддологии Юаньгуан]. 2019. № 3. С. 74–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitaker, K. (1957), “Tsaur Jyr and the Introduction of Fannbay into China”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 585–597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gernet 1995 – Gernet J. Buddhism in Chinese society. An economic history from the 5th to the 10th centuries. N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 1995. 441 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright, A.F. (1954), “Biography and hagiography. Hui-chiao`s ‘Lives of eminent monks’”, in Kyōto Daigaku and Jinbun Kagaku Kenkyūjo (eds.), Silver jubilee volume Zinbun–Kagaku–Kenkyusyo, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 383–482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitaker 1957 – Whitaker K. Tsaur Jyr and the introduction of Fannbay into China // Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1957. Vol. 20. No. 1. P. 585–597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiang Da (2001), Tangdai Changan yu Xiyu wenming. Tangdai sujiang kao [Chang`an and Western region civilizations. Research on Sujiang literature of the Tang period], Hebei yanjiu chubanshe, Shijiazhuang, China.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright 1954 – Wright A.F. Biography and hagiography. Hui-chiao`s “Lives of eminent monks” // Silver jubilee volume Zinbun–Kagaku–Kenkyusyo / Ed. by Kyōto Daigaku, Jinbun Kagaku Kenkyūjo. Kyoto: Kyoto University, 1954. P. 383–482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhen Acai (2016), “Discussing the development and trajectories of research on Chinese Buddhist literature considering the literary heritage from Dunhuang”, Ren xiang foxue xuebao [Buddhism in the world], vol. 5, pp. 102–131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zürcher 2007 – Zürcher E. The Buddhist conquest of China. The spread and adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Leiden: Brill, 2007. 472 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zürcher, E. (2007), The Buddhist conquest of China. The spread and adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China, Brill, Leiden, Netherlands.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
