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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">folklore</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фольклор: структура, типология, семиотика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-5294</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-3-63-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">folklore-253</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Марсианская утопия в русском спиритуализме конца XIX – начала XX в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Martian theme in Russian modern spiritualism movement in the late 19th – early 20th centuries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раздъяконов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razdyakonov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав С. Раздъяконов, кандидат исторических наук, доцент</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav S. Razdyakonov, Cand. of Sci. (History), associate professor</p><p>bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">razdyakonov.vladislav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Раздъяконов В.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раздъяконов В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Razdyakonov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/253">https://folklore.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/253</self-uri><abstract><p>В фокус внимания исследования поставлены представления о Марсе русских спиритуалистов конца XIX – начала XX в. Цель исследования – выяснить, основываясь на русскоязычном материале, почему спиритуалисты обратили внимание на Марс как на средство легитимации веры в существование духовного мира. Задачи исследования – показать, какие научные представления делали вероятным существование на Марсе высокоразвитой цивилизации; указать авторитетные духовные сочинения, повлиявшие на интерес спиритуалистов к космологической проблематике; раскрыть особенности интерпретации спиритуалистами сообщений о существовании на Марсе высокоразвитой цивилизации; рассмотреть преломление космологической темы в сочинениях русского спиритуалиста И.А. Карышева. Автор утверждает, что интерес к Марсу может быть объяснен сходным характером эпистемологических проблем, с которыми сталкивались спиритуалисты и астрономы, стремившиеся в позитивистскую эпоху доказать реальность существования трудноуловимых явлений природы. Именно это обстоятельство обеспечило Марсу место в популярной научной, художественной и спиритуалистической литературе. Автор показывает, что, хотя фидеистическая точка зрения была распространена среди спиритуалистов, некоторые из них утверждали необходимость демифологизации получаемых ими духовных сообщений о Марсе. Космологическая система И.А. Карышева представляет безусловный интерес для историка религии как пример спиритуалистического конструирования отечественной планетарной утопии. Как показывает пример И.А. Карышева, русская специфика спиритуалистического отношения к Марсу заключалась в синкретизме спиритуалистической традиции и православных представлений об устройстве космоса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper investigates spiritualistic perception of Mars by Russian spiritualists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It determines historical and cultural specificity of spiritualist attitude to Mars and its Russian background enrooted in the orthodox tradition. The paper overviews popular scientific concepts, which made probable the existence of a highly developed civilization on Mars; it indicates the authoritative spiritual works, which influenced the interest of Russian spiritualists to cosmological problems; it reveals spiritualistic interpretation of spirit messages about the existence of a highly developed civilization on Mars; it considers the cosmological Martian theme in the works of Russian spiritualist I.A. Karyshev. The author argues that the interest in Mars should be explained by the similar nature of epistemological problems encountered by both spiritualists and astronomers. Elusiveness of natural phenomena in positivistic age was the reason that secured Mars a certain place in popular scientific, artistic and spiritualist literature. Although the fideistic view was common among spiritualists, the author claims, that some of them argued for the need to demythologize the spirit messages. I.A. Karyshev’s cosmological system is of interest to the historian of religion as an example of spiritualist construction of Russian planetary utopia and can rightfully take its place in the history of Russian utopian literature.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спиритуализм</kwd><kwd>история религии</kwd><kwd>астрономия</kwd><kwd>Марс</kwd><kwd>И.А. Карышев</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spiritualism</kwd><kwd>history of religion</kwd><kwd>astronomy</kwd><kwd>Mars</kwd><kwd>I.A. Karyshev</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров 2007 – Егоров Б.Ф. Российские утопии: исторический путеводитель. 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